GIANYAR REGENCY

 

Gianyar  is a regency in Bali Province of the Republic of Indonesia, Gianyar regency is also known as the art center on  the island of Bali . Apart from that, Gianyar Regency also has many interesting tourist attractions to visit for those who are on holiday in Bali island. Gianyar regency is located approximately 33.2 km or 1 hour from  Denpasar city .

 

Tourist destination in Gianyar regency which is famous in the world is  Ubud  which is one of the most visited tourist destinations on the island of Bali.

 

Gianyar has many artists such as painters, dancers, sculptors, etc, so the people call Gianyar regency is the central area of ​​art in Bali.

 

One of the dances of Bali which is famous throughout the world is The  Kecak  dance that is believed to be born and first danced in the village of  Bona ,  Blahbatuh , Gianyar in the 1930's by an artist  I Wayan Limbak in collaboration and supported with an artist from Germany named  Walter Spies

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Gianyar Regency has many areas that become the center of arts & crafts, such as  Batubulan  and  Singapadu  village which are well-known for the art center of sandstone carving,  Celuk  village which is famous for the craft of making gold and silver jewelry,  Batuan  and  Ubud  are famous for the style of art painting,  Mas  village renowned as the center of the craft of wood carving, masks, and furniture.  Bona village famous for the handicrafts woven from palm leaves (ental), and  Belega  village which is known as the center of bamboo crafts (bamboo chairs & table).

 

Period of Ancient Gianyar

 

Based on archaeological evidences in Gianyar can now give way and knowledge for us to know about the past in Gianyar about 2000 years ago with the discovery of archaeological sites and tools (artifacts) such as stones, metals,  Nekara  bronze (single-cast bronze kettle drum) which is known as  The moon of Pejeng  (Indonesian:  Bulan Pejeng ), reliefs depicting human life, and the temples as well as the caves that are found in the cliffs of the  Pakerisan  river ( Tukad Pakerisan ) Gianyar, Bali.

After the discovery of written evidence in the form of inscriptions on stone or metal, it can be identified the site of the central area of ​​the kingdom of  Warmadewa  dynasty in  Singamandawa  palace,  Bedahulu , Gianyar Bali.

 

After the expedition of  Gajah Mada  (a powerful military leader and  mahapatih  or prime minister of the  Majapahit  Empire) who have taken possession of the island of Bali, the former center of the headquarters of troops established a royal palace called  Keraton Samprangan  as the central government held by five kings of Bali, namely:

 

• King  Adipati Ida Dalem Kresna Kepakisan  (1350-1380 AD), as the forerunner of  Kresna Kepakisan  Dynasty, then  Keraton Samprangan  able to survive for more or less three centuries.
• King  Ida Dalem Ketut Ngulesir  (1380-1460 AD)
• King  Ida Dalem Waturenggong  (1460-1550 AD)
• King  Ida Dalem Sagening  (1580-1625 AD)
• King  Ida Dalem Dimade  (1625-1651 AD)

Two of the last king of Bali,  Ida Dalem Sagening  and  Ida Dalem Dimade  has spawned the forerunner to the authorities in some regions.  Ida Dewa Manggis Kuning  (1600's) rulers in the village of  Beng , Gianyar is the forerunner of  Manggis  Dynasty that emerged after the second generation to build the kingdom of  Payangan , Gianyar (1735-1843).

A son of the King of Klungkung ( Ida Dewa Agung Jambe ) named  Ida Dewa Agung Anom  emerged as a forerunner to the dynasty of kings in  Sukawati , Gianyar (1711-1771 AD), including  Peliatan  and  Ubud , Gianyar Bali.

 

In the same period, the period of the Kingdom of  Gelgel , there are also other local authorities, namely  I Gusti Ngurah Jelantik  ruling in the region of  Blahbatuh , Gianyar and then  I Gusti Agung Maruti  ruling the region of  Keramas , Gianyar, both are descendants of  Arya Kepakisan .

 

History Gianyar Regency

More than a quarter century ago, precisely in 1770 AD, approximately 2 km in the southern side of the village of  Bengkel  (now known as  Beng  village) built a new palace called  Grya Anyar .

 

The  Griya Anyar  palace establishment or who later became  Puri Agung Gianyar , which was inaugurated with a ceremony on 19 April 1771, has signaled the birth of a new kingdom, which is ruled by  Ida Anak Agung I Dewa Manggis Api  or also called  I Dewa Manggis Sakti .

 

After being crowned as king, he holds the title  I Dewa Manggis IV , as the first king of the Kingdom of Gianyar (Gianyar King I). The Puri Agung Gianyar as the king's palace then became the center of the capital of the kingdom.

 

After  I Dewa Manggis Sakti  passed away as the founder of the kingdom of Gianyar that is fully sovereign, and then the heir of the throne passed to the crown prince ( Ida I Dewa Manggis Di Madia ) who holds the title  I Dewa Manggis V  as the King of Gianyar II.

 

Dewa Manggis V  reigned in 1814-1839 AD. After he died, then replaced by the crown prince ( Ida I Dewa Manggis Di Rangki ) who holds the title  I Dewa Manggis VI  as the King of Gianyar III, who ruled from 1839 to 1847 AD.

 

The next heir to the throne as king of Gianyar is  Ida I Dewa Manggis Mantuk Di Satria  ( I Dewa Manggis VII ). He reigned as king of Gianyar IV long enough for 38 years from 1847 to 1885 AD, before being deceived and taken prisoner by  Ida I Dewa Agung  (King of Klungkung).

 

After  Ida I Dewa Manggis VII  was exiled in 1885, the throne in the palace of Gianyar been paralyzed until his death in 1892 AD in exile in  Satria , Klungkung. Then the territory of the Royal Kingdom of Gianyar controlled by Bangli and Klungkung empire.

 

In January 1893, two sons of  Ida I Dewa Manggis Mantuk Di Satria  named  Ida I Dewa Pahang  and  Ida I Dewa Gde Raka  and together with their family managed to escape from exile and return to Gianyar.

Ida I Dewa Pahang  as King Gianyar V had successfully managed to escape from detention of the troops of the Klungkung and the Bangli Kingdom. For three years (1893-1896) he struggled and managed to free the Gianyar Empire from the clutches and the rule of other kingdoms, so Gianyar kingdom has succeeded in taking back its sovereignty.

 

After  Ida I Dewa Pahang  died, then the throne followed by his younger brother named  Ida I Dewa Gde Raka . He was crowned as King of Gianyar VI and ruled from 1896-1912.

 

Hostility and conflict endlessly with the kingdoms of Badung, Mengwi, Bangli and Klungkung led to a situation of life in the kingdom of Gianyar be chaotic. Highlight the suffering of its people and to seek protection in order to save the kingdom from collapse because it was threatened and assaulted by four neighboring kingdoms from various directions, then  Ida I Dewa Gde Raka  finally handed over sovereignty of the kingdom of Gianyar to the power of the Dutch East Indies.

 

Furthermore,  Ida I Dewa Gde Raka  (Ida I Dewa Manggis VIII), King of Gianyar VI, as  stedehouder  of Dutch East Indies government in Gianyar. Then on May 23, 1912, he resigned voluntarily. By the Decree of the Governor-General, dated January 11, 1913,  Ida I Dewa Gde Raka  dismissed with respect as  stedehouder  in the Kingdom of Gianyar Bali.

Ida I Dewa Ngurah Agung  who is the son of  Ida I Dewa Manggis VIII  later succeeded his father in the kingdom of Gianyar and appointed as Regent for the Heads of Government in Gianyar and given the title " Anak Agoeng ". Furthermore, since July 1, 1938, the areas in Bali designated as autonomous regions ( Swapraja ), each headed by  Zelfbestuurders .  Ida Anak Agung Ngurah Agung  as a King ( zelfbestuurders ) Gianyar, together with the kings of other autonomous regions in Bali inducted with honors in  Besakih temple on June 29, 1938.

 

During the Japanese occupation in Gianyar which started on February 23, 1942, the kingdom is still led by King Gianyar,  Ida Anak Agung Ngurah Agung . Then on August 23, 1943, his son who was named  Ida Anak Agung Gede Agung  was sworn in as king ( Syutjo ) Gianyar succeeded his father and ruled until the end of the Japanese population in 1945.

 

Entering the independence and periods of residence allied soldiers and  NICA  (Netherlands-Indies Civil Administration), Gianyar kingdom under the leadership of King  Ida Anak Agung Gede Agung  remains as an autonomous region/part of the government of Bali. Bali itself becomes part of the administration of the State of East Indonesia ( Negara Indonesia Timur  (NIT) ), while the NIT is a part of the Republic of Indonesia States ( Republik Indonesia Serikat  (RIS) ).

With the formation of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia ( Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia  (NKRI) ) on August 17, 1950, the government made changes to the system. The former territory of the kingdom in Bali, amounting to 8 kingdoms serve as regional parts/autonomous regions.

 

The autonomous regional government composed of the Chairman of the Board of Local Government and the Regional House of Representatives (which has full parliamentary rights). The Regional Representatives Council who have been inducted, then in charge of selecting the Chairman of the Board of the autonomous regional government of Gianyar, and then  Ida Anak Agung Gde Oka  is selected for the period 1953-1958.

 

After the issuance of Regulations No. 69 of 1958 about the establishment of the Autonomous Region Level II, where the executive power is run by a Head of the Autonomous Region (Swatantra), and then  Ida Anak Agung Gde Oka  re-elected as the Head of Regional Level II of Gianyar with the service period 1958-1960.